Targets for Intervention

Targets of intervention are infected humans, the vector, and the infection cycle. Approaches are numerous and their selection depends
on the given epidemiological situation, the available resources and the envisaged level of control. Treatment of infected persons may be suppressive or radical and gametocytocidal. Vector control may be directed against the aquatic stages of Anopheles, the adult mosquitoes, or both. The interruption or reduction of man-vector contact is a valuable ancillary measure. Main clinical symptom:
a) Plasmodium vivax (Malaria tertiana): fever of 40±41_C for several hours, (after 1 h of shivers) is repeated within 48 h b) P. ovale (M. tertiana): as in P. vivax infections
c) P. malariae (M. quartana): rhythmic fevers of
40±41_C (after shivers) reappear within 72 h
d) P. falciparum (Malaria tropica): Irregular high fevers of 39±41_C appear continuously after a phase of headache and general abdominal symptoms; fevers may be rhythmic (48 h) or
Even absent (Fig. 4); eventually followed by coma and death.

Incubation period:
a) P. vivax: 12±18 days, occasionally longer
b) P. ovale: 10±17 days
c) P. malariae: 18±42 days
d) P. falciparum: 8±24 days
Prepatent period:
a) P. vivax: 8±17 days, occasionally longer
b) P. ovale: 8±17 days
c) P. malariae: 13±37 days
d) P. falciparum: 5±12 days
Patent period:
a) P. vivax: up to 5 years
b) P. ovale: up to 7 years