Life cycle stages of three important genera of mosquitoes. A Shape of eggs which were laid on the water's edge(Aedes, Culex) or on the water itself (Anopheles). B Respiring larvae at the water surface; the four larval stages feed by filtering organic particles in the water. C Respiring pupae; pupae (described as tumblers) do not feed and remain at the\surface unless disturbed. D Sitting females; males (with brushed antennae) and females are good flyers and feed on nectar,but females of most species suck blood (vessel feeder) before depositing eggs. The latter are laid in a clutch of about 200 individuals (A). Eggs require 48±72 h to develop within the females, which thus take blood every 2±4 days and consequently provide good opportunities for the transmission of pathogens.
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